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Consumables Corner: Selecting the correct diameter for flux-cored wire

I work in a large manufacturing fabrication shop where we weld subassemblies and then fit and weld them together to complete the machines we manufacture. Currently we use gas-shielded, flux-cored wires from 0.045 to 0.09375 in. in diameter. At what point is a small-diameter wire too inefficient, warranting a change to a larger-diameter wire?

With the cored wires available today, it’s very possible to reduce some of the wire diameters used in different applications. To select the proper diameter, you must first consider the variables that will influence this decision, such as the material thickness, welding position, weld size, and welding current (amperage), and whether you are welding single or multipass weld joints. You must also ensure that your welding power source produces enough amperage output to handle whatever wire diameter you choose.

If you currently use 0.045-, 0.052-, or 0.0625-in.-dia. flux-core wires, they probably meet the EX1T-X classification, which means they can be used in all positions. The 0.052-in.-dia. wire can replace both the 0.045- and 0.0625-in. wires, reducing your inventory. The 0.045-in., all-position wire commonly is used with between 160 and 250 amps. If you use a 0.052-in.-dia. wire, you can increase your travel speed at comparable current levels. This is not necessarily because of a higher deposition rate. You are using the wire diameter to make a comparable weld size at a faster travel speed when welding at the same or higher welding current. This helps control overwelding the joint and reduces heat input. On the other hand, if you’re using a 0.0625-in.-dia. wire, the 0.052 electrode would yield a higher deposition rate. You can obtain this data (deposition rates and efficiencies) from all the manufacturers of FCAW electrodes for comparison.

Larger-diameter wires are normally classified as EX0T-X types, meaning they are designed for flat and horizontal welding only. You also can benefit by using a 0.078-in.-dia. wire in place of a 0.09375-in.-dia. wire, depending on the average amperage being used. The 0.078 and 0.09375 deposition rates and efficiencies are going to be close to equal at 400 to 450 amps. Anything below 400 amps gives the advantage to the 0.078-in. wire on deposition and efficiencies. Current levels above 450 amps are usually welded with the 0.09375-in. wires. Again, these numbers will vary slightly depending on the wire type and manufacturer. Actual deposition rates and efficiencies are available from the manufacturers via the Internet, published literature, or from your current filler metal supplier.

About the Authors

Jay Ginder

Senior Sales Application Engineer

Filler Metal Manufacturing Center 801 Wilson Ave.

Hanover, PA 17331

Jerry Mathison

Senior Sales Application Engineer

411 S. Ebenezer Road

Florence, SC 29501

843-669-4411