Not your father's abrasive jet: Technological advances, attention to common woes give fabricators options for precision cuttingThe advances made in abrasive jet cutting in recent years have negated much of the downside formerly associated with the technology.
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Folding technology makes sweeping changes: New developments in 200-year-old technologySchwenkbiegemachinen, or swing bending machines, have been in use for more than 200 years. European manufacturers began to power them with electrical or hydraulic power after World War II, when an enormous amount of sheet metal was used in the reconstruction of Europe.
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Hydroforming of tubes, extrusions, and sheetRecent advances at the University of Stuttgart and acfross the industry have opened doors for hydroforming all kinds of materials and shapes.
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Eliminating final trim shearing of hydroformed tubeThe most common way to establish tube length after hydroforming is by cutting or shearing the tube to a specified dimension; however, cutting out this step can reduce scrap. A new method designed to eliminate this step combines forming the end of a tube to resemble its final form with using a hydroform die to correct end position variations off the bender. While this approach eliminates the final shear trim operation, it also presents new challenges.
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Stretching metal's forming limits with HSP lubricants: Forming aluminum, high-strength steel without tooling upgrade |
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Warm forming of stainless steels: ArrayArray
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Warm forming of stainless steels - Part I: Rationale and previous studiesTo prevent martensitic transformation in stainless steel during drawing operations, warm forming has been explored. In experiments, warm forming eliminated intermediate annealing operations and substantially increased limiting draw ratio values.
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Warm forming of stainless steels - Part II: Simulations and experimentsThe ERC/NSM conducted experiments using round cup tooling to determine the influence of temperature on the limiting draw ratio -- the largest draw ratio of the blank-to-cup diameter that can be drawn successfully.
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Top-down modeling: A reader's question presents an interesting challengeA reader has a question about modeling an assembly comprised of three plates and tubing. Columnist Gerald Davis provides guidance.
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The most important output of 3-D CAD modeling: Techniques to consider when modeling components in for a design projectThe most important output from a CAD system is the bill of material. Columnist Gerald Davis gives us an idea of just how much detail should go into creating a BOM.
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Love of loft in 3-D CAD modeling: Lofts are powerful tools for modeling shapes that transition between profilesLeaning to use the loft tool in 3-D CAD modeling takes some work, but it can come in handy in certain circumstances.
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Getting swept away in 3-D CAD modeling: Sweeps are powerful tools for modeling shapes that follow some sort of pathLike an extrude or revolve, a sweep is a tool for modeling a 3-D shape. A sweep consists of three basic elements--a profile, a path, and a set of rules for "sweeping" the profile along the path. A sweep can be a powerful tool when modeling 3-D shapes, according to columnist Gerald Davis.
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Modeling in a 3-D CAD system: How to decide whether to revolve or extrudeAlthough tough times are upon us, an economic downturn doesn't have to put all plans on hold. If you own a middle-market company (one that has a transaction price between $5 million and $250 million) and you are interested in selling it, a slumping economy is no reason to hesitate. In fact, putting your company on the market during a slowdown can have several benefits.
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Dimensioning in a 3-D CAD system: Dimensions transform the artistic inspiration into realityColumnist Gerald Davis explains that preparing a 3-D CAD model without dimensions may look great, but it doesn't really do anybody any good. For example, a 3-D CAD model with dimensions helps quality control inspectors.
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Sketching in a 3-D CAD System: Welcome to the foundation of 3-D modelingColumnist Gerald Davis describes different approaches to sketching in a 3-D environment.
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The real world of 3-D CAD assemblies: These files take a design one step closer to realityColumnist Gerald Davis describes the benefits of working with 3-D CAD assemblies.
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3-D CAD drawings in a 2-D world: Generating a great print is the goalColumnist Gerald Davis discusses the importance of delivering a clear illustration and how it can make an impact on the final fabricated product.
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Thinking inside the box: What does top-down design mean anyway?Columnist Gerald Davis delves into why top-down design might be useful when modeling a metal fabrication in 3-D CAD.
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3-D CAD strengthens customer bond: What goes into a successful 3-D CAD work center?Columnist Gerald Davis asks his fabricating readers if they know what it truly takes to keep up a fully functioning 3-D CAD software system.
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One easy piece to model: What to do while you wait for CAD trainingColumnist Gerald Davis believes it's a shame when a shop doesn't use its 3-D CAD software to its fullest potential. That's why he takes the reader through a modeling tutorial.
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Getting a handle on 3-D CAD modeling: Tricks to make the tool bend to your willColumnist Gerald Davis provides the reader with a brief overview of some of the handy 3-D CAD tools he uses when doing basic modeling techniques.
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Unfolding truth about flats: Just how much does a CAD jockey need to know about flat layouts anyway?Columnist Gerald Davis reveals the usefulness of unfolding parts on the computer screen.
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Unfolding truth about flats - Just how much does a CAD jockey need to know about flat layouts anyway?Columnist Gerald Davis reveals the usefulness of unfolding parts on the computer screen.
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Unfolding truth about flats: Just how much does a CAD jockey need to know about flat layouts anyway?Columnist Gerald Davis reveals the usefulness of unfolding parts on the computer screen.
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The importance of the n value in sheet formingStrain hardening is represented by the exponent n in the flow stress equation, which approximates the relation between true stress and true strain during plastic deformation of a metal. The constant n plays a crucial role in sheet metal forming, and this brief article describes its effects.
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Experimenting with flexible blank holder force control: Prototype shows promise for difficult-to-form materialsThe quality of deep drawn sheet metal products is determined largely by the rate at which a sheet is drawn into a die. Varying blank holder force (BHF) as a function of time or the press stroke is of great importance.
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Dieless NC formingDieless NC forming or incremental sheet forming is a numerically controlled incremental process that can produce complex shapes from various materials. The process is based on localized plastic deformation in the sheet metal blank. It was developed as an alternative manufacturing method to prototype sheet metal stampings and produce panels in small lot sizes.
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Designing high-strength steel stamped parts for formabilityThe use of high-strength steel to manufacture automobiles and other transportation vehicles has increased dramatically. The material's strength allows manufacturers to reduce vehicle weight substantially and increase fuel efficiency, without sacrificing performance.
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Key design principles for successful deep drawingSuccessful deep drawing depends on many factors. Ignoring even one of them during die design and build can prove disastrous.
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Achieving straight-side capabilities in a gap-frame press: New developments in motion and frame technologyRecent changes in tooling technologies, material specifications, part quality requirements, and inventory levels have driven the demand for new developments in the way a mechanical press operates. This article discusses how link motion and bridge-frame structures help stampers. This includes a description of what link motion is and how it works, and how bridge frame presses affect frame deflection.
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Resisting cracking, deformation, and premature wear: Powder metallurgical steels provide an alternative to conventional tool steelsWant to know how powder metallurgical tool steels are produced and how their properties provide the material's toughness and wear resistance? Read on.
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How to draw round cups deeperDraw depth is limited by the onset of wrinkling and fracture. Controlling blank holder force plays a major role in achieving the amount of draw you want from blank material.
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Improving blank edge conditionsA blank, stamped in the first station of a progressive stamping operation, usually is subject to subsequent forming processes to form a designated part. If the blank is subject to straining, deformation, bending, stretching, or lateral expansion in later stations, its edge condition should be carefully examined.
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Die geometry for embossing and stretchingStretching or embossing, not to be confused with drawing, is the process in which the part's geometry is obtained by stretching the metal into a forming cavity.
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Selecting a pressure system for a stamping dieAuthor's Note: Before I begin, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to thefabricator.com's readers. I hope you have enjoyed the stamping articles, and I am excited about writing for 2004. I also would like to wish all of you a great holiday season as well as a prosperous and successful year. Best holiday wishes!Art
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Selecting a stamping die pressure system, Part II |
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Sink-making secrets |
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Sheet Metal Stamping 101: ArrayArray
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Sheet Metal Stamping 101 Part V: Forming operations: Part V: Forming operationsHow are bending, flanging, coining, embossing, stretching, curling, hemming, ironing, necking, and drawing related? They all are common metal forming operations. Find out more about these processes in this final installment of stamping expert Art Hedrick's sheet metal stamping series.
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Cutting tube in a recut operation: How to decide on a method and equipmentThis piece, which originally appeared in TPJ-The Tube & Pipe Journal in 1997, explains how to decide whether to cut tubing on the production line or cut it later in a recut operation. Discusses various types of recutting equipment and focuses on the dual-blade shear cutting method.
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Batter up! Turning an aluminum tube into a baseball batThe roar of the crowd, the shouts of the umpire, the crack of the bat hitting the ball—these are the unmistakable sounds of a baseball game. Over the last few decades, however, one of those sounds has changed; now the bat tends to make a ping that resonates when it hits the ball. It's the sound of aluminum rather than wood making contact with the ball.
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The Bold in Arches: Pipe fabricator uses induction bending to create roof truss assembliesThe phraseobstructed viewis probably most connected with older sports stadiums. For example, at Wrigley Field in Chicago, depending on where your seat is, watching Sammy Sosa in action in right field might be replaced by a view of a rusting steel girder.
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Tube prep for the drawing step: A close look at push pointingPointing, sometimes called tagging or swaging, is a process that reduces a tube's end to permit it to pass through a draw die for a drawing operation. After the tube end goes through the draw die, gripper jaws converge on the point to begin the draw operation. Push pointing is accomplished by gripping a tube and advancing pointing dies over the end, resulting in a reduced end diameter.
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Examining tube mill roll tooling, setup, and maintenanceIn today's competitive market, two of the most important considerations for high-quality production are proper roll tooling setup and mill alignment.
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Solving the mysteries of the fin pass—Part 2Editor's Note: This article is the second part of a two-part series about fin passes. Part I, which appeared in the March issue, discussed their location, what they do, and how they do it. Part II focuses on troubleshooting.
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Roll form tooling tryout and troubleshooting: Taking a five-step approachThe secret to developing successful roll tooling—whether for tube production or roll forming—and achieving maximum roll integrity is a simple but often overlooked notion: a comprehensive approach.
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Reducing conversion cost in a copper tube mill: Lean initiatives, measurable resultsSorting through the myriad quality programs and manufacturing trends—total quality management, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing—can be a daunting challenge. Knowing which strategies to use and how to use them can deliver big results in a copper tube production facility.
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Secrets of Using GTAW for Tools and Dies: One retired fabricator share the basics of how he added this services to his shopTool and die welding can be a very lucrative service for a fab shop. However, tool and die welders are about as rare as brain surgeons because of a general lack of knowledge about the process and because of the extra expense it brings to a shop. This article offers a basic understanding of what's needed to add this service to your fab shop.
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The Brakes- Press Brakes and You -- How to get the most out of your press brakeProblems with your press brake imperil what could be the most valuable machine you have. Take pains to ensure the health of this valuable piece of equipment.
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New PC-based controls open path to better press brake utilization: Control improvements simplify operator usePress brake forming always has been a labor-intensive process. Shrinking lead-times and smaller lot sizes demand more frequent setups, which cut into productive output hours and put more pressure on manufacturing efficiencies. Fabricators need to find ways to reduce machine downtime for setup and operator adjustments.
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Laser cell system gives job shop the home field advantageContract manufacturer CGI Automated Manufacturing Inc., Cicero, Ill., fabricates parts as an outsource resource for vertical manufacturers. The company started out as a stamping operation, then added other fabrication technologies, including welding, press brake forming, drilling, punching, rolling, shearing, and cutting.
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