Cutting through the obstacles: The challenges of sawing structural tube, pipe, and solidsOf all the materials that can be cut on industrial band saw machines, structural steels—such as pipe and tubing, plate, angle and channel iron, and I beams—are all among the most common and challenging.
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Cutting to the chase: ArrayArray
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Band saw cutting of tube and pipe: Tips for blade selection and machine settingsProduction quantities of cut tube and pipe can be produced economically with a band saw. However, the choice of which blade to use is very important in maintaining a low cost per cut.
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Cutting exotic alloys: Circular saw helps shop land aircraft tubing projectCutting tubing with a circular cutoff saw is a common metal fabrication operation. This type of saw can produce a smooth finish that requires little secondary finishing.
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Take the old with the new - Selecting saw blades with new technologies in mindNew methods for cutting tube and pipe have been introduced to welding shops in the last few years—methods designed not only to cut metal, but also to cut costs.
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Cutting to the chase Sawing structural and architectural tubing: Sawing structural and architectural tubingThis article examines common fabrication processes for structural and architectural tube. It specifically focuses on cutting, sawing, miter cutting, bundle sawing, and cambering.
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Not your father's abrasive jet: Technological advances, attention to common woes give fabricators options for precision cuttingThe advances made in abrasive jet cutting in recent years have negated much of the downside formerly associated with the technology.
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Exploring complementary cutting methods: Comparing capabilities of laser, plasma, EDM to waterjet technologyThe various cutting methods available to fabrication shops today can be both a little daunting and very beneficial. Choice is good--learn how to make the most of the diversity all your choices offer to you.
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Blast Cleaning Equipment: What you need to know before buyingIf you are a fabricator of metal parts that need to be primed or painted, then you more than likely will have to prepare the part surface before finishing to produce the desired end result.
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Successful tube hydroforming: Watching parameters, accurately simulating the process yield good resultsA typical tube hydroforming system is shown in Figure 1. Within this system, a host of factors must be taken into account, from starting tube geometry and material properties to the quality of the final part (such as thickness distribution and dimensional accuracy).
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Effective simulation of hydroforming: Current capabilities and requirements for the futureSimulation is used in the hydroforming process to replace the experimental investigation and tests required in a real tryout process.
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Pressure-sequence and high-pressure hydroforming: Knowing the processes can mean boosting profitsPressure-sequence hydroforming can form complex parts as well as forming most ductile metals, including high-strength, low-alloy, and stainless steels with sharper corners, thick-walled tube, and other difficult features.
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Predicting the service life of galvanized steelZinc, which has been used to hot-dip-galvanize steel for 250 years, provides 50 to 75 years of corrosion protection in many environments. Empirical data collected about hot-dip galvanized (HDG) steel field performance from 1940 to 1980—in environments ranging from industrial to marine to suburban—indicates that zinc can prevent base steel corrosion more than other surface treatments. Because of zinc's long-lasting protection, projects require no maintenance and therefore no maintenance costs.
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Stretching metal's forming limits with HSP lubricants: Forming aluminum, high-strength steel without tooling upgrade |
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Phases, structures, and the influences of temperatureWhen you heat or cool a piece of metal to a specific temperature, that metal goes through what's called a phase change, in which its crystal structure changes. Sometimes the change is obvious. For example, when a piece of metal melts, it goes through a phase change when the crystal structure breaks down and the metal goes from solid to liquid. When it solidifies it's also a phase change, as the structure re-forms from liquid to solid.
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Roll formers look for a win: Industry players hope to score with customization, better technology |
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Your best safety resource: The FMA/CNA Safety CommitteeDo you know the Fabricators & Manufacturers Association, International™ (FMA)/CNA Safety Committee? If not, you should. They're an excellent resource for guidance on workplace safety issues. And they're the force behind the safety focus on thefabricator.com.
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Workplace stress—Part 1Stress is a fact of life. It's here to stay, and even if we could abolish it, we wouldn't want to. At its best, stress can be the catalyst that moves us to make changes and achieve great things in life. At its worst, it can create all kinds of emotional and physical problems. What determines whether stress is a friend or foe? Whether it precipitates changes that improve our lives or whether it greatly diminishes the quality of our lives? One determining factor is how we handle or manage stress. We can be our own best friend or our own worst enemy.
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Workplace stress—Part 2If you've visited a doctor recently and were told that stress is the cause of or a contributing factor to what ails you, you're not alone. Although you can't expect to eliminate all of the stress in your life, you can learn to manage it and reduce its negative effects.
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Protecting yourself from gases and fumes: 10 tips for healthier lungsWelding gases, fumes, and smoke can cause both short-term and long-term health hazards for welders. Presented here are 10 ways to help ensure welders are kept safe.
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One system does not fit all: Ventilation equipment becomes more specific to improve the welding environmentVentilation systems come in a variety of types for different types of welding processes and varying fabrication facility setups. The emphasis on proper application of these systems and best use of the components used in them comes from an increased interest in cleaner air for the welder.
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Respirator selection as a business decision: How to choose the right equipment for your weldersSeveral technical articles have addressed respiratory diseases associated with welding activities and when a respirator should be used to help prevent these diseases. Once an employer concludes that respiratory protection is the appropriate option for a particular application, the next step is selecting the right respirator.
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What price workers' compensation insurance?It's a Catch-22 for many manufacturers. Not having workers' compensation insurance can put them out of business. Paying for workers' compensation insurance can put them out of business. How is a company to survive?
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Taxing situation: New tax incentives aimed at helping out people like metal fabricatorsMost fabricators aren't knowledgeable about tax laws and don't have time to immerse themselves in tax updates. They're too busy on the shop floor.
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Mac's Muse: One potato, two potatoes, three potatoes ... gone! As U.S. steel industry gets its lunch eaten, many parties can share blameA lot of parties can share the blame for what's happened to the North American steel industry, and its going to take effort from them all to pull the industry out of its quagmire. Can it be done? Time will tell.
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Sick at Work?All employees have days at work when they don't feel well. Usually these days are intermittent and can be attributed to a cold or other illness or job-related stress.
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A 'bout' with the championRep. Don Manzullo speaks about taxes, steel tariffs, health care, and manufacturing's future.
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New Features in Coil-to-Coil Slitters: Adapting to the changing coil industry with technologyYears ago it was customary for coil processors to have dedicated slitting lines for specific materials and gauges. Today's larger, stronger, and thinner-gauge coils, however, require service centers to be able to process many materials and gauges on the same machine.
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Examining press feeding options: Considerations that determine a feed's effectivenessPress- and servo-driven roll feeds and gripper feeds are almost as common to the stamping industry as sheet metal and dies. Knowing how to use them effectively may not be so common.
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Metal stamping and electromagnetic forming: New process improves material formability, reduces wrinklingThis article describes the development of electromagnetic forming (EMF) and how EMF works.
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Experimenting with flexible blank holder force control: Prototype shows promise for difficult-to-form materialsThe quality of deep drawn sheet metal products is determined largely by the rate at which a sheet is drawn into a die. Varying blank holder force (BHF) as a function of time or the press stroke is of great importance.
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Predicting springback in air bending, straight flangingAll businesses tied to the metal forming industry are scrambling to find areas in which they can lower costs without sacrificing quality. Adding to this burden are a tight cash flow and a lack of financial resources to invest in process improvement equipment. Therefore, the savings must come from doing more with less.
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Do you use checking jigs and fixtures?: An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cureHow do you check tube fabrications to ensure they meet quality standards? Do you ship parts without checking them and hope that the next time the phone rings it isn't a prelude to a tirade from a disgruntled customer? Or do you check finished parts only to realize that your scrap rate is too high and wish you had checked them at earlier stages of the manufacturing process?
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Controlling flow and obtaining stretch in deep draw operationsAddressing the difficulties in obtaining a wrinkle-free stamped part requires a good understanding of metal flow and how it is affected by draw beads
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Sharpening for a longer life: Maintaining the cutting edge on punch and die componentsRoutine maintenance—grinding, using surface treatments, sharpening ejector pins, and minimizing potential grinding damage—can extend tool life and save you a lot of headaches.
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Cutting die-related costs: Where to look to save moneyDemands for cheaper, better, and faster tooling for stampings and the pace of business continue to escalate. This trend is not going to reverse itself.
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Investing in lubricants: Increasing your profits 7 percent by changing metalsAll businesses tied to the metal forming industry are scrambling to find areas in which they can lower costs without sacrificing quality. Adding to this burden are a tight cash flow and a lack of financial resources to invest in process improvement equipment. Therefore, the savings must come from doing more with less.
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Selecting a pressure system for a stamping dieAuthor's Note: Before I begin, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to thefabricator.com's readers. I hope you have enjoyed the stamping articles, and I am excited about writing for 2004. I also would like to wish all of you a great holiday season as well as a prosperous and successful year. Best holiday wishes!Art
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Selecting a stamping die pressure system, Part II |
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Magnetic pulse welding for tubular applications: Discovering new technology for welding conductive materialsA review of how magnetic pulse welding works, in what applications it can be used, and what considerations users must take to perform it properly.
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Orbital welding for space program applications: Producing welds that withstand the rigors of deep spaceWelding applications in the aerospace industries demand high precision, a quality that can be entirely as low as possible. Automatic orbital welding is being used to help meet these requirements.
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Solving Problems on the Tube MillTube mill operators face a variety of challenges everyday in their efforts to produce high-quality tubing in a cost effective and productive way.
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Laser welding of stainless pressure tubesNot all laser welded tubes are created equal. Know what to look for in the final product to ensure that you're buying quality and not just an imposter.
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Solving the mysteries of the fin pass—Part 2Editor's Note: This article is the second part of a two-part series about fin passes. Part I, which appeared in the March issue, discussed their location, what they do, and how they do it. Part II focuses on troubleshooting.
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Cutting to the chase: ArrayArray
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Welding aluminum with inverter-based power suppliesIt's easy to look at such a long-established technology as welding and believe that little or no technology development is taking place. In truth, however, the capabilities of welding power supplies are changing constantly and rapidly, especially in the area of inverter technology. These power supplies are suitable for welding aluminum alloys, including thin aluminum alloys.
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Advantages of plasma welding: Often-overlooked PAW offers speed and affordabilityPlasma arc welding sometimes offers greater welding speed than gas tungsten arc welding at lower cost than laser beam welding.
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Secrets of Using GTAW for Tools and Dies: One retired fabricator share the basics of how he added this services to his shopTool and die welding can be a very lucrative service for a fab shop. However, tool and die welders are about as rare as brain surgeons because of a general lack of knowledge about the process and because of the extra expense it brings to a shop. This article offers a basic understanding of what's needed to add this service to your fab shop.
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Joining aluminum with GTAW: Advice for the noviceAluminum is a real challenge to weld, especially for beginners. A knowledge of the gas tungsten arc welding equipment that is available to do the job as well as required accessories, preparation tips, and proper techniques is a good thing to have before jumping in.
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Using inverter technology: FAQs about inverter-based plasma cuttersBusinesses feel a constant pressure to gain an advantage and control their processes better. However, the decision to embrace new technology often leaves them feeling vulnerable. In the realm of hand-held metal cutting operations, one such decision is choosing between traditional technology and an inverter-based plasma cutting system.
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Choosing the right oxyfuel gas and supply systemMixing oxygen with fuel gases for brazing, cutting, heating, and welding metal has been around since the early 1900s. Oxyfuel processes have remained in use over the years despite the introduction of other metal fabrication processes, such as arc welding, plasma cutting, and laser materials processing. Finding the most economical method for supplying oxyfuel gases requires a basic understanding of the process.
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Getting the best results in gas-shielded FCAW: Filler metals play a crucial role in the process |
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Welding aluminum tailored blanks with Nd:YAG lasers for automotive applicationsThe increased average power at the workpiece delivered by a 4-kilowatt, continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser source can be used for tailored blank welding of aluminum alloys
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Welding exhaust system components: Laser technology may aid this traditionally high-volume applicationIn the field of automobile exhaust systems, such components as manifolds, pipes, catalytic converters, and mufflers are joined either by the car manufacturer or by a subcontractor to form a subassembly ready for attachment.
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Robots and dials and knobs—oh my!: GMAW power sources have evolved over timeIn the late 1950s, the U.S. Navy wanted to find a way to join heavy aluminum structural sections used to fabricate motor torpedo boat hulls.
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Shielding gas consumption efficiency-- Part I: Spend a penny, save a dollarInstalling a bulk delivery system in your welding shop is perhaps the best way to save money
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Identifying the right cutting and welding tips: Understanding torch tip design and function |
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Selecting the right tungsten: How your choice affects AC GTAWMost welders used to agree that a pure tungsten electrode was crucial to obtaining the best results for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) aluminum, magnesium, and other alloys that required an AC arc.
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Selecting a shielding gas for joining stainless steel: The right choice is critical for success |
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Supporting the defense: Manufacturer uses direct diode laser to weld missile canisters |
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Understanding weld discontinuities |
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Hot spots for U.S. metal fabricated exportsIncreased global competition for customers on their home turf has driven U.S. metal fabricators to throw their nets wider to international markets. With this in mind, fabricators should look at the lists of the countries purchasing the most U.S. metal fabricated tools, machinery, products, and partially assembled goods as a road map to export opportunities.
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Turning up the power: Using lasers to cut thick plateThe most common power levels ranged between 1,500 and 2,000 watts. However, a statistical survey conducted by the AMT Laser System Product Group indicates a steady increase during the last 12 months of installations for high-power 3,000- to 4,000-watt laser systems and a decline in sales of lasers with power levels less than 2,000 watts.
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Job shop reduces costs, improves laser's output: Laser regulator minimizes gas contaminationToday's job shop market is characterized by unrelenting competitive pressure for laser processing services. Job shops are expanding into niche services such as multiaxis laser processing and thick plate applications to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Others are performing additional services such as forming, welding, painting, and assembly to add value.
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Laser cell system gives job shop the home field advantageContract manufacturer CGI Automated Manufacturing Inc., Cicero, Ill., fabricates parts as an outsource resource for vertical manufacturers. The company started out as a stamping operation, then added other fabrication technologies, including welding, press brake forming, drilling, punching, rolling, shearing, and cutting.
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