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Electric vehicle market presents opportunities for sheet metal fabricators
Lightweight components are key to reducing vehicle curb weight
- By Bill Frahm
- April 8, 2021
- Article
- Electric Vehicles
The battery electric vehicles (BEV) industry is offering new and exciting opportunities for sheet metal fabricators and stamping manufacturers to produce quality, lightweight components. As BEVs gain market share, manufacturers will need to address issues with mineral supply chains and vehicle curb weight, as vehicle weight is among the most important factors in BEV efficiency and capability.
As BEVs migrate from novel vehicles to niche vehicles, the industry needs to ensure the BEVs have adequate range, especially since BEV charging infrastructure is in its infancy. And one of the biggest influences on range is vehicle weight. Currently, BEV manufacturers are using lightweight materials, but the batteries are heavy.
Today’s solution to range seems to be adding denser battery capacity. Production improvements over the past 10 years have led to a dramatic reduction in the cost per kilowatt-hour for lithium-ion batteries. This enables manufacturers to add greater battery capacity without negatively influencing vehicle costs.
Adding battery capacity, however, can’t fully compensate for bloated weight. For one, battery researchers agree that future improvements in battery technologies will lead to marginal cost improvements. To achieve acceptable range, manufacturers must do better at reducing the curb weight of current BEVs. For instance, GM’s Hummer three-motor version has an estimated curb weight of 10,000 to 14,000 lbs. Its 200-kwH battery capacity is twice that of Tesla’s, but with less range.
Reducing curb weight to gain acceptable range will need to be an aggressive effort by OEMs, especially given the weight of batteries, safety equipment, and consumer demand for entertainment and comfort amenities.
As BEV sales become a more significant market segment, costs of essential minerals will increase both because of supply and demand and because increased demand will further expose issues in the mineral supply chain.
The issues that will drive a push for even lighter weight components include:
- Awareness of the environmental impact of lithium mining. Lithium mining uses tremendous amounts of water—an estimated 500,000 gallons per ton of lithium. In Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile, where half the world’s lithium reserves are estimated to be, the water usage is negatively affecting the nearby agricultural industry. Also, poisons leach off from the evaporation ponds and are known to kill downstream fish populations.
- Awareness of human rights issues in cobalt and element extraction. Cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is known for abusive labor practices and child labor.
- Political relationships. Energy is a strong economic and political motivator. As minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel become major drivers in transportation energy, unstable political relationships will have an effect. China is dominant in both global mineral extraction and lithium-ion battery production. The U.S. political relationship with an increasingly aggressive Chinese government may lead to market instability.
- Vulnerable supply chains. As energy supply chains change in their basic character, industry must act to ensure that supply and transportation are robust enough to support a growing market.
There will be enough economic and social pressure on mineral markets to encourage BEV manufacturers to become more careful and efficient in vehicle components and design. Battery manufacturers are already reducing or eliminating the use of cobalt in cathodes because of its scarcity and unethical mining issues. The increased demand for lithium also will increase the environmental influence of extraction and evaporation.
Addressing BEV range means addressing weight with lightweight components. The opportunity is there now for stampers and other sheet metal component suppliers, and it will continue to grow. Now is the time to look at your shop's goals and prepare to join the lightweight supply chain.
About the Author
Bill Frahm
P.O. Box 71191
Rochester Hills, MI 48307
248-506-5873
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The Fabricator is North America's leading magazine for the metal forming and fabricating industry. The magazine delivers the news, technical articles, and case histories that enable fabricators to do their jobs more efficiently. The Fabricator has served the industry since 1970.
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