Jim's Cover Pass: Tips to pass a 4G SMAW 7018 test

A: When I have to weld in a 4G position, I like to think of it as just another flat or 1G weld, just upside down. Electrode angles—using a short arc length, a constant travel speed, and even amperage—should be similar to what you would use for a 1G. However, we tend to let our minds overthink the situation and make unnecessary changes.

Find a position that is comfortable and allows you to see the puddle rather than the arc. Make a dry run and be certain that you can reach the full length of the weld coupon. Keep a piece of scrap metal handy to check your amperages for each pass. Always run stringer beads when welding overhead, as you have more control over the weld puddle. Keep your beads within the weld joint until you put on the cover pass. If you are running 120 amps, I am guessing that means you are using 1/8-in. electrodes. That should be within 10 amps plus or minus, depending on the length of your welding leads. Using a steady travel speed will allow you to correct the high and low spots. With the E7018 electrode, maintaining a short arc length and steady travel speeds are the keys in any position.

One other thing I might recommend: About half-way through a 1-in. plate test, step back and let the weld cool for a couple of minutes. This will give you time to relax your eyes and body before completing those last few passes. Make sure all of the fill passes are flush with the coupon before applying that cover pass. Finally, get yourself some leather sleeves or a jacket. I have more than my share of burn scars on my non-dominant arm from 4G weld tests.

Keep practicing, stay safe, and best wishes on your next weld test!