Lubrication plays an important role in sheet metal forming by affecting metal flow and reducing the possibility of fracture during forming. A number of tests are used to evaluate lubricant performance, including the strip draw test, the twist compression test, and the cup drawing test. The cup...

Formability is the ability of a sheet material to deform without failure or fracture. Information on formability helps process and tool design engineers predict failure during analysis of sheet metal forming processes for tool design. Formability information also is used to evaluate...